{"id":36911,"date":"2025-11-17T15:00:34","date_gmt":"2025-11-17T21:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/?p=36911"},"modified":"2025-11-17T15:38:08","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T21:38:08","slug":"the-secret-lives-of-wisconsin-salamanders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/the-secret-lives-of-wisconsin-salamanders\/","title":{"rendered":"The Secret Lives of Wisconsin Salamanders"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; min_height=&#8221;1027px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-1px|auto||auto||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;7px||4px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p><em>They\u2019re quiet, elusive, and often overlooked \u2013 but salamanders play a crucial role in the forest ecosystem. A new statewide volunteer-based monitoring program is shining a light on these secretive amphibians.<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Tiger-salamander-by-USFWS-Midwest-Region.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;a tiger salamander on rocks&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Tiger Salamander By USFWS Midwest Region&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||21px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: center;\">A tiger salamander on a bed of rocks. Photo courtesy of USFWS Midwest Region<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;6px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h3>What is a salamander?<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>Salamanders are amphibians classified in the Order Caudata (having a tail) and can live up to 20 years in the wild. Like all amphibians, they are cold-blooded and hang out in cool, damp places so their thin skin doesn\u2019t dry out. They are nocturnal, spending most of their days hiding under logs, leaf litter or underground to stay moist. Your best chance to spot one is during the spring and late summer when they migrate to and from ephemeral ponds where they breed. These ponds are temporary wetlands that fill up from melting snow and rain in the spring.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_testimonial author=&#8221;Rich Staffen&#8221; job_title=&#8221;DNR conservation biologist&#8221; portrait_url=&#8221;data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwMCIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDUwMCA1MDAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+CiAgICA8ZyBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiPgogICAgICAgIDxwYXRoIGZpbGw9IiNFQkVCRUIiIGQ9Ik0wIDBoNTAwdjUwMEgweiIvPgogICAgICAgIDxyZWN0IGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iLjEiIGZpbGw9IiMwMDAiIHg9IjY4IiB5PSIzMDUiIHdpZHRoPSIzNjQiIGhlaWdodD0iNTY4IiByeD0iMTgyIi8+CiAgICAgICAgPGNpcmNsZSBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9Ii4xIiBmaWxsPSIjMDAwIiBjeD0iMjQ5IiBjeT0iMTcyIiByPSIxMDAiLz4KICAgIDwvZz4KPC9zdmc+Cg==&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>Ephemeral ponds are a biodiversity hotspot and amphibians serve as a really important prey item for a lot of species.<\/p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>Wisconsin is home to seven species of salamanders:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blue-spotted salamander<\/li>\n<li>Spotted salamander<\/li>\n<li>Eastern tiger salamander<\/li>\n<li>Eastern newt<\/li>\n<li>Four-toed salamander <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.dnr.wi.gov\/biodiversity\/Home\/detail\/animals\/6121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">(special concern species)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Eastern red-backed salamander<\/li>\n<li>Common mudpuppy \u2013 learn more about these slimy but sweet salamanders <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/mudpuppies-in-wisconsin\/\">here<\/a>! <\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_testimonial author=&#8221;Madison Wikston&#8221; job_title=&#8221;conservation biologist leading the Wisconsin Salamander Survey at the Wisconsin DNR&#8221; portrait_url=&#8221;data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwMCIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDUwMCA1MDAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+CiAgICA8ZyBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiPgogICAgICAgIDxwYXRoIGZpbGw9IiNFQkVCRUIiIGQ9Ik0wIDBoNTAwdjUwMEgweiIvPgogICAgICAgIDxyZWN0IGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iLjEiIGZpbGw9IiMwMDAiIHg9IjY4IiB5PSIzMDUiIHdpZHRoPSIzNjQiIGhlaWdodD0iNTY4IiByeD0iMTgyIi8+CiAgICAgICAgPGNpcmNsZSBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9Ii4xIiBmaWxsPSIjMDAwIiBjeD0iMjQ5IiBjeT0iMTcyIiByPSIxMDAiLz4KICAgIDwvZz4KPC9zdmc+Cg==&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>You really don&#8217;t realize how much of the forest is just full of salamanders!<\/p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;6px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h3>The secret lives of salamanders&#8230;<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>Even though you don\u2019t see them that often, salamanders are an important part of the food chain as both predator and prey.<\/p>\n<p>Their secretive lives underground have made it quite challenging to monitor salamander populations. Volunteers and researchers often listen for the calls of other amphibian species, like frogs, when conducting population surveys. But salamanders keep quiet and require a more specialized survey method: counting egg masses \u2013 sacks filled with eggs that they lay in ponds.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Professor-John-Peterson-from-UW-Platteville-standing-in-an-ephemeral-pond-holding-a-stick-with-masses-of-salamander-eggs-on-it.-Photo-by-Richard-Staffen.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;man holding a stick with salamander egg mass attached to it&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Professor John Peterson From UW Platteville Standing In An Ephemeral Pond Holding A Stick With Masses Of Salamander Eggs On It. Photo By Richard Staffen&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||21px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Professor John Peterson from UW-Platteville standing in an ephemeral pond holding a stick with masses of salamander eggs on it. Photo by Richard Staffen<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>Species monitoring gives us key insights into population size, where they live, and how common they are \u2013 information that helps shape effective conservation strategies. By gathering baseline information about salamander populations now, we can better track long-term changes as the climate warms and severe weather events become more frequent.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider show_divider=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;6px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h3>Threats to salamanders<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Why did the salamander cross the road? To get to their ephemeral pond!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">But, they shouldn\u2019t have to. In fact, road crossings are a major cause of death for salamanders when they journey from upland landscapes down to their breeding ponds. Another threat to salamanders is climate change. As average temperatures rise or droughts become more frequent, ponds may dry out sooner than normal. A long enough hydroperiod, or period of time when wetlands contain water, is essential for breeding to be successful. Once salamanders lay their eggs in the pond, the eggs need at least six weeks to develop into larvae. Then, it\u2019s not until late summer that the larvae metamorphose into adult salamanders and are ready to leave the pond. If the pond dries up too soon, the larvae may not have enough time to metamorphose and that year\u2019s generation may be lost. <\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/A-tiger-salamander-crossing-a-road.-Photo-by-Caitlin-SmithUSFWS.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;a tiger salamander crossing a road&#8221; title_text=&#8221;A Tiger Salamander Crossing A Road. Photo By Caitlin SmithUSFWS&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||21px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>A tiger salamander crossing a road. Photo by Caitlin Smith\/USFWS<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;6px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h3>NRF\u2019s support for the Wisconsin Salamander Survey<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>Since 1984, the Wisconsin DNR has conducted an annual Frog and Toad Survey to determine population numbers across the state. It\u2019s the longest-running amphibian monitoring program in the country, but it\u2019s missing a very important type of amphibian\u2026the salamander!<\/p>\n<p>Thanks to support from NRF\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/the-wisconsin-amphibian-and-reptile-conservation-fund\/\">Wisconsin Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Fund<\/a> (WARCF), the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources deployed the first of its kind Wisconsin Salamander Survey (WSS) in 2024. Led by DNR conservation biologists Madison Wikston, Richard Staffen, and Rori Paloski with assistance from Professor John Peterson at UW-Platteville and volunteers, this community-based science project will help us better understand populations of salamanders in the future.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Volunteer-survey-crew-at-Woodland-Dunes-Nature-Center-looking-for-salamanders-in-an-ephemeral-pond.-Photo-by-Nancy-Nabek.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;People peering down into an ephemeral pond while looking for salamanders&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Volunteer Survey Crew At Woodland Dunes Nature Center Looking For Salamanders In An Ephemeral Pond. Photo By Nancy Nabek&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||21px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Volunteer survey crew at Woodland Dunes Nature Center looking for salamanders in an ephemeral pond. Photo by Nancy Nabek<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>Funding for this project helped establish training resources, including a Salamander Monitoring Manual, a field data collection sheet, and the WSS Guide to Species ID at Ephemeral Ponds. The team also established volunteer training presentations on field surveys and how to use the data sheet. Additionally, the fund supported virtual and in the field training for nature centers and students at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point to help them plan and conduct their own surveys.<\/p>\n<p>After the establishment of the Wisconsin Salamander Survey through the grant from NRF, the program was well situated to join a NASA grant to establish the Great Lakes Vernal Pool Collaborative alongside Michigan, New York and other neighboring states. This collaborative will introduce data collection standards for consistency across the region, a website for partners to submit and store their data and offer shared training resources to recruit and retain volunteers.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/A-four-toed-salamander-in-leaf-litter.-Photo-courtesy-of-the-USFWS-Midwest-Region.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;a four-toed salamander in leaf litter&#8221; title_text=&#8221;A Four Toed Salamander In Leaf Litter. Photo Courtesy Of The USFWS Midwest Region&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||21px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>A four-toed salamander in leaf litter. Photo courtesy of the USFWS Midwest Region<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;6px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h3>The power of volunteers<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>In 2025, the Wisconsin Salamander Survey hosted 85 volunteers, including students at the University of Wisconsin \u2013 Stevens Point, nature center staff and volunteers, and volunteers at the Kettle Moraine State Forest \u2013 Northern Unit. With the help from these volunteers, the team monitored 31 verified ephemeral ponds across Wisconsin.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_testimonial author=&#8221;Madison Wikston&#8221; job_title=&#8221;DNR conservation biologist&#8221; portrait_url=&#8221;data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwMCIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDUwMCA1MDAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+CiAgICA8ZyBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiPgogICAgICAgIDxwYXRoIGZpbGw9IiNFQkVCRUIiIGQ9Ik0wIDBoNTAwdjUwMEgweiIvPgogICAgICAgIDxyZWN0IGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iLjEiIGZpbGw9IiMwMDAiIHg9IjY4IiB5PSIzMDUiIHdpZHRoPSIzNjQiIGhlaWdodD0iNTY4IiByeD0iMTgyIi8+CiAgICAgICAgPGNpcmNsZSBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9Ii4xIiBmaWxsPSIjMDAwIiBjeD0iMjQ5IiBjeT0iMTcyIiByPSIxMDAiLz4KICAgIDwvZz4KPC9zdmc+Cg==&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>There\u2019s no way we\u2019d be able to get all of these surveys done without the help from our volunteers.<\/p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/A-spotted-salamander-in-the-mud.-Photo-by-Richard-Staffen.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;A spotted salamander in the mud&#8221; title_text=&#8221;A Spotted Salamander In The Mud. Photo By Richard Staffen&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||21px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>A spotted salamander in the mud. Photo by Richard Staffen<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>At the Kettle Moraine State Forest \u2013 Northern Unit, volunteers performed something called \u201cground truthing\u201d \u2013 visiting 86 potential ephemeral ponds mapped out by the Great Lakes Vernal Pool Collaborative in order to test new technologies for remote ephemeral pond detection. While only 20% of the sites were confirmed as ephemeral ponds in 2025, the data collected will be used to improve the mapping technology and increase the rate of accurate detections in 2026.<\/p>\n<p>Timing these surveys properly is crucial. The short period of time that ponds hold water can be challenging, but it\u2019s also a great time of year to be out in the field! The bugs aren\u2019t back yet, but the birds are and there\u2019s lots of amphibian activity at the ponds. Then, the survey season wraps up once the eggs develop and hatch into larval salamanders.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Spotted-Salamander-egg-mass-courtesy-of-Madison-Wikston.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;person holding egg mass above pond&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Spotted Salamander Egg Mass Courtesy Of Madison Wikston&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||21px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>A spotted salamander egg mass. Photo by Madison Wikston<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>Do you live near the Kettle Moraine State Forest or the Northern Highland-American Legion State Forest? Are you interested in volunteering? Contact Madison Wikston at <a href=\"mailto:Madison.Wikston@Wisconsin.Gov\">Madison.Wikston@Wisconsin.Gov<\/a> and check out these virtual trainings:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dJgDh2wHIFY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Species ID at Ephemeral Ponds<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=o2Vhu10kD_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">2025 Volunteer Training Webinar<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h3>The future of the Wisconsin Salamander Survey<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>As a fairly new program, the Wisconsin Salamander Survey has already laid significant groundwork to monitor salamander populations over time. The team is currently working on new ways to grow the program, including an app-based survey form, a website for volunteers and researchers to report their findings, and other resources through the Great Lakes Collaborative.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/An-NRF-Field-Trip-participant-holding-a-salamander-found-on-a-Field-Trip-to-Red-Banks-Alvar-State-Natural-Area.-Photo-by-Caitlin-Williamson-.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;An NRF Field Trip participant holding a salamander in a forest&#8221; title_text=&#8221;An NRF Field Trip Participant Holding A Salamander Found On A Field Trip To Red Banks Alvar State Natural Area. Photo By Caitlin Williamson&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||21px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>An NRF Field Trip participant holding a salamander found on a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/field-trips\/\">Field Trip<\/a>. Photo by Caitlin Williamson <\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>The Foundation is proud to have partnered with the DNR to establish this first of its kind program. A special thank you to our supporters for donating to the <a href=\"https:\/\/wisconservation.networkforgood.com\/projects\/111474-wisconsin-amphibian-reptile-conservation-fund\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Wisconsin Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Fund<\/a> to help ensure these species and their habitat are protected now and for future generations.<\/p>\n<p>Interested in supporting salamanders and other ecologically important wildlife communities? Consider donating at the link below.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/wisconservation.networkforgood.com\/projects\/111474-wisconsin-amphibian-reptile-conservation-fund&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Protect Wisconsin&#8217;s Amphibians and Reptiles&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_divider show_divider=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;5px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#2C3425&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;23px&#8221; min_height=&#8221;45px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p><em>Written by Emma Schatz, digital communications coordinator<\/em><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_post_slider posts_number=&#8221;3&#8243; include_categories=&#8221;36,15&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_post_slider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new statewide volunteer-based monitoring program is shining a light on the secret lives of Wisconsin salamanders.<\/p>\n <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/the-secret-lives-of-wisconsin-salamanders\/\"rel=\"nofollow\">Read More<\/a>","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":36963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"0px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.16\" min_height=\"1027px\" custom_margin=\"-1px|auto||auto||\" custom_padding=\"7px||4px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\n<em>NRF funds projects that have a significant and positive impact on Wisconsin\u2019s lands, waters, and wildlife, and that connect people to Wisconsin\u2019s natural wonders. Through our grants for conservation, we supported hundreds of projects in 2024.\u00a0<strong>Thank you to our members, conservation partners, and other supporters for making this possible!<\/strong><\/em>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/aeriel-shot-of-waubesa-wetlands-by-Ben-Albert-2.jpg\" alt=\"Aeriel Shot Of Waubesa Wetlands By Ben Albert, a 2024 conservation highlight\" title_text=\"Aeriel Shot Of Waubesa Wetlands By Ben Albert (2)\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" custom_margin=\"||21px|||\" custom_padding=\"||0px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Waubesa Wetlands State Natural Area is one of the highest quality and most diverse wetlands in Wisconsin. As one of NRF\u2019s priority conservation sites, we supported the restoration and management of this site in 2024. We were also proud to support the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/waubesa-wetlands-film\/\">production of a documentary short film<\/a> highlighting the wonders of this hidden wetland. Photo by Ben Albert<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" custom_padding=\"6px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n<h3>Connecting People, Protecting Nature: NRF\u2019s 2024 Conservation Highlights<\/h3>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nIn 2024, the Natural Resources Foundation of Wisconsin granted <strong>$1,000,676<\/strong> to support <strong>228<\/strong> conservation and environmental education projects to <strong>133 unique organizations<\/strong> across the state. NRF\u2019s three primary impact areas are lands and waters conservation, wildlife conservation, and environmental education. We also support projects that build climate resiliency for Wisconsin\u2019s natural resources. Simultaneously, we support projects that help make the field of conservation and access to the outdoors more diverse, equitable, and inclusive.\n\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider show_divider=\"off\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" custom_padding=\"6px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n<h3><strong>2024 Grants for Conservation StoryMap<\/strong><\/h3>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nOur 2024 Grants for Conservation StoryMap shows all the grants made throughout the year. The different colored pins represent our three impact areas. Lands and waters conservation projects are green, wildlife conservation projects are yellow, and environmental education projects are blue. Zoom in on different counties for a full view of projects supported in the area and click on pins to learn more about individual projects.\n\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]\n\n<style>.embed-container {position: relative; padding-bottom: 80%; height: 0; max-width: 100%;} .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container iframe{position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;} small{position: absolute; z-index: 40; bottom: 0; margin-bottom: -15px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe title=\"NRF's 2024 Conservation Grants StoryMap\" src=\"\/\/wisconservation.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/Embed\/index.html?webmap=017b3a7f4cc94c5f84f2194e2ad5f9b7&amp;extent=-95.6791,42.1754,-83.9786,46.396&amp;zoom=true&amp;previewImage=false&amp;scale=true&amp;disable_scroll=true&amp;theme=light\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_button button_url=\"https:\/\/storymaps.arcgis.com\/stories\/dec66239cbcd4e97b7b153d519ac8648\" url_new_window=\"on\" button_text=\"EXPLORE THE GRANTS MAP\" button_alignment=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_divider show_divider=\"off\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_divider show_divider=\"off\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" custom_padding=\"6px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n<h3>Grant Highlight: Rocks Above, Rocks Below: Merrimac Community School<\/h3>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Students-from-Merrimac-Community-School-while-hiking-Flint-Rock-Trail-at-Blue-Mounds-State-Park-to-observe-rock-formations-and-nature-highlights.-Photo-by-Jenna-McCann-1.jpg\" alt=\"Students while hiking Flint Rock Trail at Blue Mounds State Park to observe rock formations and nature highlights, a 2024 conservation highlight\" title_text=\"Students From Merrimac Community School While Hiking Flint Rock Trail At Blue Mounds State Park To Observe Rock Formations And Nature Highlights. Photo By Jenna McCann (1)\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" custom_padding=\"||13px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Students while hiking Flint Rock Trail at Blue Mounds State Park to observe rock formations and nature highlights. Photo by Jenna McCann<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nIn 2024, NRF helped provide transportation for over 100 students from Merrimac Community School to visit Blue Mounds State Park and Cave of the Mounds. Thanks to our supporters, we were able to support this through our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/grants\/teachers-outdoor-environmental-education-fund\/\">Teachers\u2019 Outdoor Environmental Education Fund<\/a>. The fund\u2019s goal is to ensure all Wisconsin students have access to meaningful outdoor education.\n\nStudents from Merrimac Community School hiked the Flint Rock Trail at Blue Mounds State Park, checking out the rocks, plants, and animals. Many students expressed an interest in returning to the trail in the spring to see the differences. Then, the students went to Cave of the Mounds and learned about the underground geology of the area. Throughout the tour of the cave, students learned about the forces that shaped the cave and how the formations continue to change.\n\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Blog-post-photo-dimensions-43-2025-01-15T142042.688.jpg\" alt=\"Students on a tour of Cave of the Mounds learn about underground rock formations, a 2024 conservation highlight\" title_text=\"Blog Post Photo Dimensions 43 2025 01 15T142042.688\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" custom_padding=\"||13px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Students on a tour of Cave of the Mounds learn about underground rock formations. Photo by Jenna McCann<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" custom_padding=\"6px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n<h3>From the Classroom to the Cave<\/h3>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nDuring their Earth Science unit in school, the students had learned about Wisconsin geology and the rocks in their backyards. While hiking the Flint Rock Trail at Blue Mounds State Park, classroom learning was brought to life as the students discovered limestone, dolomite, and chert rocks. During the tour of Cave of the Mounds, students saw cave formations like stalactites, stalagmites, and columns. They also learned about the history of the cave.\n\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_testimonial author=\"Jenna McCann\" job_title=\"Teacher\" portrait_url=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwMCIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDUwMCA1MDAiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+CiAgICA8ZyBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiPgogICAgICAgIDxwYXRoIGZpbGw9IiNFQkVCRUIiIGQ9Ik0wIDBoNTAwdjUwMEgweiIvPgogICAgICAgIDxyZWN0IGZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eT0iLjEiIGZpbGw9IiMwMDAiIHg9IjY4IiB5PSIzMDUiIHdpZHRoPSIzNjQiIGhlaWdodD0iNTY4IiByeD0iMTgyIi8+CiAgICAgICAgPGNpcmNsZSBmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk9Ii4xIiBmaWxsPSIjMDAwIiBjeD0iMjQ5IiBjeT0iMTcyIiByPSIxMDAiLz4KICAgIDwvZz4KPC9zdmc+Cg==\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\n<em>In class, students had watched water move in a groundwater model. In the cave, students saw and felt the water drops and made connections far stronger than the classroom alone.<\/em>\n\n[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nThis field trip gave the students a hands-on, eyes-on, and brains-on experience that directly related to what they were learning in the classroom. Afterwards, students had a better understanding of Wisconsin\u2019s rich geological history, better use of earth science vocabulary, and could visually identify rocks and formations. Back in the classroom, students created models of caves. Using accurate terminology, they also labeled features of the model caves that they saw firsthand during the field trip.\n\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Blog-post-photo-dimensions-43-2025-01-15T142324.019.jpg\" alt=\"Students on the cave tour connecting what they learned in the classroom to the real world, a 2024 conservation highlight\" title_text=\"Blog Post Photo Dimensions 43 2025 01 15T142324.019\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" custom_padding=\"||13px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Students on the cave tour connecting what they learned in the classroom to the real world. Photo by Jenna McCann<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n<h3>More Featured Grants<\/h3>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"The Prairie Enthusiasts - Building Bridges to Nature in Iowa County\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" open=\"on\"]\n\nThe Prairie Enthusiasts received a grant from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/grants\/cd-besadny-conservation-grants\/\">C.D. Besadny Conservation Fund<\/a> to support the repair of a bridge connecting the two parts of the <a href=\"https:\/\/theprairieenthusiasts.org\/project\/sylvan-road-conservation-area\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sylvan Road Conservation Area<\/a>, ensuring safe access for visitors. This area is a rare, high quality wetland\/stream habitat and is home to over 340 native plant species.\n\nWe recently announced our 2024 C.D. Besadny Conservation Fund grant recipients! <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/grants\/cd-besadny-conservation-grants\/\">Check out the full list of projects funded.<\/a>\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_33966\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-33966 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/54155642650_1f3bb2316e_o-1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"NRF board members standing with staff from The Prairie Enthusiasts on a newly built bridge above a stream, holding a ribbon and a check. \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" \/> Photo by Janet Moredock[\/caption]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Southern Wisconsin Bird Alliance \u2013 Wisconsin Monarch Collaborative\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" open=\"off\"]<\/p>\nWe supported the purchase of stickers and other marketing materials for the <a href=\"https:\/\/wimonarchs.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wisconsin Monarch Collaborative<\/a> to be used as outreach materials at events. The goal? Inspiring people in Wisconsin to take action to help save the monarch butterfly. NRF is proud to have supported the founding of the collaborative, which is a network of over 50 organizations and agencies working together to increase monarch butterfly habitat throughout Wisconsin.\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_33969\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-33969 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/54119613958_b59a160c68_o-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Partners of the WMC at the 2024 Wisconsin Monarch Collaborative Summit.\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/> Photo by Emma Schatz[\/caption]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Zablocki Elementary Nature Experience in Milwaukee County\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" open=\"off\"]<\/p>\nThrough the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/grants\/go-outside-fund\/\">Go Outside Fund<\/a>, we supported a field trip for 24 students from Zablocki Elementary School to visit the Blue Lotus Farm &amp; Retreat Center. The students spent the day exploring the forests, meadows and wetlands \u2013 learning while engaging with the natural environment in a fun and active way. For many of the students, this was their first time visiting a nature center!\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_33972\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"264\"]<img class=\"wp-image-33972 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/54215570134_4bbf87e4b7_o-1-264x300.jpg\" alt=\"Students playing on a swing under a tree.\" width=\"264\" height=\"300\" \/> Photo by Ludys Ebratt[\/caption]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Kirtland\u2019s Warbler Conservation in Adams County\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" open=\"off\"]<\/p>\nThanks to a grant from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/grants\/bird-protection-fund\/\">Bird Protection Fund<\/a>, the Wisconsin DNR\u2019s Natural Heritage Conservation team continued population recovery and conservation of the state endangered Kirtland\u2019s warbler, specifically through nest monitoring. Our state is a critical area for the expansion of the population beyond its core breeding range in Michigan.\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/grants\/bird-protection-fund\/\">Check out the full list of projects<\/a> supported by the 2024 Bird Protection Fund. In April, join us for this year\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/great-wisconsin-birdathon\/\">Great Wisconsin Birdathon<\/a> to raise funds for the Bird Protection Fund!\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_33971\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"225\"]<img class=\"wp-image-33971 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/54216305327_23dcb732f5_o-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"Banding a male Kirtland's warbler.\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/> Photo by Maia Persche[\/caption]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=\"Spread Eagle Barrens State Natural Area management in Florence County\" open=\"off\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\nThrough the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/cherish\/\">Cherish Wisconsin Outdoors Fund<\/a>, we supported the removal of invasive species at Spread Eagle Barrens State Natural Area. This will help restore open areas and clear the way for prescribed burning, improving habitat for both rare species and wild game. Spread Eagle Barrens is home to globally important bracken grasslands and pine barrens habitats.\n\nSince 2007, NRF has supported the restoration of 8,000 acres of globally rare pine barrens at Spread Eagle Barrens. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/spread-eagle-barrens\/\">Read more on our blog.<\/a>\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_33970\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-33970 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/52139143915_293a9f3e73_o-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Landscape of grasses and trees at Spread Eagle Barrens State Natural Area.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/> Photo by Caitlin Williamson[\/caption]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"0px||9px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\n\n<h3><strong>Thank you<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"1px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\nNRF's grantmaking is made possible through the support of our donors, supporters, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/membership\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">members<\/a>. We are grateful to everyone who supports our work to conserve Wisconsin\u2019s lands, waters, and wildlife and connect generations to nature. Last but not least, thank you to our grant recipients for the important work that you do for Wisconsin!\n\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=\"https:\/\/www.wisconservation.org\/membership\/\" button_text=\"BECOME A MEMBER\" button_alignment=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"5px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_text_color=\"#2C3425\" text_font_size=\"23px\" min_height=\"45px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\u00a0 <em>Written by Emma Schatz, Digital Communications Coordinator<\/em>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_post_slider 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